Friday 31 October 2014

The Origins of Halloween

Ah, November 31st. The day where an influx of the hushed whispers of little girls, rocking chairs and china dolls are on the big screen, Haribo sweets now have horror mix alongside cheap witch hats and matching brooms on the first aisle at supermarkets, and there are popular articles online for the best Halloween outfits – or, alternatively, the most offensive Halloween outfits. As a child living in London, trick or treating was a strange concept that involved reiterated warnings of not knocking on stranger’s doors and razors-in-apples horror stories. The sweets were always a good comfort eat on the day and extended to a few days afterwards. At university, Halloween involves horror club nights, slutty nurse outfits alongside the ever-popular Spartan, Greek and Roman ones as it only needs a cheap and easy white bed sheet, alcohol and someone miserably spewing in the street surrounded by laughing friends and bored-looking policemen. It also means it’s the perfect time to scoff sweets and re-watch Shaun of the Dead.   

Sometimes criticized as one of the many American traditions that have travelled around the pond to Britain, while modern Halloween is now concerned with costumes and sugar, it once evolved from the ancient Celtic holiday of Samhain. Known as All Hallows Eve, it was north European festival that signalled the end of the light and warm half of the year, ushering in a cold and dark one. The Celts used the day to mark the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter, and also believed that this transition between the seasons was a bridge to the world of the dead. It was a pagan ritual and one of the greatest religious festivals of this ancient northern pagan year.

In the ushering in of winter, it was at the time considered a frightening and inconvenient season in the northlands prefacing months of darkness, cold and hunger. Perhaps think ‘winter is coming’ in this sense; it was a foreboding moment and so Halloween was regarded as the time when the spirits of darkness and fear would come, and when malevolent forces of nature would be let lose. The warriors, traders, sailors and other skilful people would return and there would be stories, celebrations, the settlement of disputes, and the taking of stock in this season. In medieval Ireland local kings were said to hold a feast at their royal halls, for a week before and after Samhain, for all these purposes. Festivals would occur and people would sing songs about spirits or dress up as them to mock the arriving season. It was commonly asserted that the feast was the pagan festival of the dead - in reality, it was to commemorate the dead.

During the Protestant reformation, it removed these rites from most of Britain, and left only a vague sense of Halloween as a time with certain associations, however, it survived in its actual form in Ireland as the Catholic feast of saints and souls. The idea of Halloween being translated from America comes from the celebration of Halloween as a great seasonal festival that travelled here through massive Irish emigration to America in the 19th century took it over there.

Halloween developed into a national festivity for Americans, retaining the custom of dressing up to mock powers of dark, cold and death, and a transforming one by which poor people went door to door to beg for food for a feast of their own. By the 1980s, the celebration came to Britain. Currently, traditional activities include trick-or-treating, bonfires, costume parties, haunted houses, and jack-o-lanterns. So everyone, consume all the sugar you want, don’t worry too much about outfits unless that is your thing – fake blood and a bed sheet always does the trick for those on a budget – and have some fun!  


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